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          in particular. For instance, on May 13, 2024,
          the US Centers for Disease Control and
          Prevention (CDC) issued a final rule effective
          1 August 2024 that makes changes to the
          importation requirements for dogs into
          the United States to address the public
          health risk associated with dog-maintained
          rabies virus variant (DMRVV). Among this
          rule’s requirements impacting airlines, one
          provision imposes on airlines to create
          an air waybill (AWB) for all dogs entering
          the United States via air, including dogs
          transported as cargo, hand-carried, and as
          checked baggage.
            Majeres informed that following joint ac-
          tion by IATA and other associations, CDC has
          recognised that the requirement to issue
          an AWB for dogs that are hand-carried or
          checked as baggage is an issue.
            “Consequently, all airlines can apply
          immediately for a waiver to the AWB on a
          provisional basis. CDC will grant a waiver   PHOTOS: Equitrans Logistics
          on a provisional basis based on a request
          from the air carrier that will be valid for 90
          days. During this 90-day period, air carriers
          must complete their waiver application
          and submit all required documentation,”                            shift and change in attitudes of people
          he explained.                                                       that is influencing the movement of
            “Once complete, CDC will decide                                    animals by air.
          regarding the completed waiver ap-                                      “Pet adoption rates have remained
          plication. If granted, the waiver will                                high post-pandemic, indicating a
          be extended so that it is valid for a                                  cultural shift towards greater ac-
          period of 9 months from issuance of                                    ceptance of companion animals.
          the provisional waiver. If denied, air                                This trend is not limited to tradition-
          carriers will no longer be able to trans-                             ally strong markets but is also gaining
          port dogs without an AWB,” he added.                                 traction in emerging markets across
            Majeres also pointed out that there                              South East and South Asia, Central Asia,
          is growing scrutiny on animal transport                            Sub-Saharan Africa, and Eastern Europe,”
          from regulatory bodies around the world                            he observed.
          and compliance from all stakeholders’                                Beyond pets, there has been increasing
          angles has become complex, sometimes                               activity in the global transportation of horses.
          resulting in penalties.            Air France KLM Martinair Cargo is also   Nair added, “Etihad Cargo transports
            “In order to facilitate live animal transpor-  a board member of the IATA LAPB (IATA   horses globally via our SkyStables product,
          tation IATA has initiated the development   Live Animals and Perishables Board), where   supporting the cultural importance of
          of a modern automated online solution   representatives from various communities   horses in the Middle East. We have also
          called “LAR VERIFY” & the related APIs with a   meet twice a year at a conference.   been involved in major global equine
          vision to continue the development of the   “During these conferences, attendees   events, supported by our specialised stalls
          AutoCheck concepts,” he said.     can provide feedback on transportation   and a trained, dedicated team for equine
                                            practices. Based on this feedback, the IATA   and live animal transport.”
          Sharing experience, knowledge     LAPB board may adjust the regulations.
          While there are updates in the regulatory   Compliance with the regulations in IATA   Training to handle with care
          framework and increased scrutiny, the way   LAR is mandatory. Local authorities regard   Regulatory evolution and adapting to new
          to go is by collaborating with other stake-  these requirements as legal standards,   standards set by authorities is an ongoing
          holders and cooperating. On the same line,   and non-compliance can result in fines or   process aimed at continuous improvement.
          de Boer observes that most airlines focus on   penalties,” he said.   However, one of the important pieces
          working with organisations such as ATA and   Sharing his experience, Nair of Etihad   among these is the people who handle the
          are members of these organisations.   Cargo reflected that there is a cultural   live animals on the go.
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