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          on improving the welfare of big cats by
          providing shelter and rehabilitating preda-
          tors to their original habitat.

          Standardising processes
          While planning needs to be comprehen-
          sive and thoughtful, the same is the case
          with execution. There are several processes
          defined by the regulators and associations
          to make it obvious. For instance, de Boer in-
          formed that they perform a physical check
          when the animals are delivered to one of
          the stations from which they fly.
            “This is done per IATA LAR (Live Animal
          Requirements) and our LAAC (Live Animals
          Accepting Checklist),” he said.
            IATA LAR provides the minimum standard
          for transporting live animals by air, while
          LAAC is a standardised checklist that helps
          verify all necessary requirements.
            “During this check, the handling com-
          pany acting on our behalf will verify that
          the animals are in good condition, that the
          documents are correct, and that the crate
          or kennel meets the requirements set out in                          Air France KLM Martinair Cargo transported
          the IATA LAR,” added de Boer.                                        lions Vasylyna and Nikola on a B747 freighter
                                                                               from the Netherlands to South Africa for
            Adhering to international regulations and                          FOUR PAWS in April 2024.
          standards, such as the LAR set by IATA, is
          necessary to maintain consistency and safety                       welfare during air transport and talking
          across different jurisdictions and airlines.                       about them,  Robson said, “IATA has recently
            Majeres informed that IATA has now                               updated its Live Animals Regulations, which
          finished authoring the 51st edition of                             include new guidelines on container design,
          the LAR (2025) which has been                                      species-specific handling procedures, and
          completely revamped.                                               mandatory training for staff.”
            “This edition comes with a handling sec-                           He also reported that they are also
          tion which now follows the recommended                             seeing a trend towards stricter biosecurity
          Master Operating Plan (MOP), the 19 door-       The handling       measures to prevent the spread of diseases,
          to-door steps from shipper to consignee,                           which now often includes mandatory
          describing the processes in the journey of a   company will verify   health checks and certifications prior to
          shipment,” he said.                                                transportation.
            “IATA, with the partnership of the Con-  that the animals are in   These updates reflect a broader effort
          vention for International Trade in Endan-  good condition, that the   to align global standards and ensure that
          gered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora                              animal welfare is prioritised across all
          (CITES), has significantly raised the bar of   documents are correct,   regions. One recent key development was
          compliance by updating  2000 entries in the                        the upgrade of South Africa for the export
          list of species,” he added.               and that the crate       of horses directly to Europe without lengthy
            CITES is an international agreement that   or kennel meets the   quarantine periods and transit through
          aims to ensure that international trade in                         Mauritius as the World Organisation for
          specimens of wild animals and plants does   requirements set out in   Animal Health (WOAH) has approved direct
          not threaten the survival of the species.                          exports from South Africa to Europe.
            de Boer also informed that they verify if   the IATA LAR.          “We hope to see direct exports to the
          the animals are accompanied by CITES doc-         Bernard de Boer  Middle East which opens new markets,”
          uments. “CITES, based in Geneva, is the only   Air France KLM Martinair Cargo  Robson added.
          organisation that approves the transport of                          Biosecurity measures adopted by dif-
          protected wildlife. They coordinate with lo-  Growing scrutiny     ferent countries in isolation can affect the
          cal offices around the world to manage this   There have been several important regula-  movements of live animals by air and create
          process,” he said.                tory updates aimed at enhancing animal   adverse operational situations for airlines,
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